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ADR Timeline Comparator

How long a dispute takes varies enormously by process. Here's how the typical ranges compare for a moderately complex matter.

How long each process typically takes

Mediation1–3 months
Conciliation1–4 months
Arbitration6–18 months
Lok Adalat0.25–2 months
Online Dispute Resolution0.5–3 months
Litigation24–84 months

Ranges are illustrative and vary by case complexity, court or institution backlog, and how cooperative the other party is.

What the ranges mean

The comparator shows a typical range for each route, from the first session or filing to a final outcome: a Lok Adalat about one week to two months, online dispute resolution two weeks to three months, mediation one to three months, conciliation one to four months, arbitration six to eighteen months, and civil litigation two to seven years at trial court level.

Arbitration has a statutory clock: Section 29A of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 requires the award within 12 months of the tribunal being constituted, extendable by six months with consent and further by court order. Court timelines grow with appeals, and a challenge to an arbitral award under Section 34 adds time after the award. The ADR timelines explainer sets out what drives each range.

Time and the kind of dispute

Speed matters most where money is tied up. For unpaid invoices, see MSME payment recovery and recovering money owed in India; for business contracts, see commercial and contract disputes. A fast outcome is only useful if it is enforceable, so also check whether an ADR outcome is binding.

Questions about this tool

How long does mediation take in India?

Most mediations conclude within one to three months and many disputes settle in one to three sessions; the main factor is whether both sides engage in good faith.

How long does arbitration take in India?

Section 29A of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 requires the award within 12 months of the tribunal being constituted, extendable by six months with the parties' consent; a simple sole-arbitrator case can finish in six to nine months, while complex matters often run 18 to 24 months.

What is the fastest way to resolve a dispute in India?

A Lok Adalat is usually the fastest formal route: a matter can settle on the day of the session and the award cannot be challenged once passed, provided both sides agree.

How long does a civil suit take in India?

An ordinary contested civil suit commonly takes three to seven years at trial court level, and a first appeal to the High Court can add two to five years.

General information only — not legal advice.

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